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\documentclass{beamer}
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\usepackage{ae,aecompl}
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\usepackage[english]{babel}
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\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
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\usepackage{url}
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\usepackage{hyperref}
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\usepackage{xcolor}
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\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
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\usepackage{textcomp} % for right arrow
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\title{Free Software, upstream and downstream}
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\author{Sergio Durigan Junior \\ \url{sergiodj@redhat.com}}
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\date{\today}
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\begin{document}
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\begin{frame}
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\titlepage
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\begin{center}
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\tiny{Get the source-code at:\\
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\url{https://git.sergiodj.net/talks/free-sw-rh-interns.git/}}
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\end{center}
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\end{frame}
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\section{License}
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\begin{frame}{License}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item{License: \textbf{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
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International License (CC-BY-4.0)}}
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\item{\url{https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/}}
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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\section{Agenda}
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\begin{frame}{Agenda}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item{What is Free Software?}
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\item{GNU and Linux}
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\item{Upstream}
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\item{Downstream}
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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\section{What's Free Software?}
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\begin{frame}{What's Free Software?}
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\centering
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Has anybody said \textbf{four freedoms}?
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\newline
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\pause
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\begin{itemize}
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\item{The freedom to run the program as you wish, for any
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purpose (freedom \texttt{\#0}).}
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\pause
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\item{The freedom to study how the program works, and change it so
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it does your computing as you wish (freedom \texttt{\#1}). Access
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to the source code is a precondition for this.}
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\pause
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\item{The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help others
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(freedom \texttt{\#2}).}
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\pause
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\item{The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions
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to others (freedom \texttt{\#3}). By doing this you can give the
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whole community a chance to benefit from your changes. Access to
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the source code is a precondition for this.}
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}{What's Free Software?$^2$}
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\textbf{Free Software} means software that respects users' freedom
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and community. The users have the \textbf{freedom to run, copy,
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distribute, study, change and improve} the software.
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\newline
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\newline
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When a program fails to give any of these freedoms to the user, we
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say it is \textbf{non-free}.
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\end{frame}
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\section{The G from GNU}
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\begin{frame}{The \texttt{G} from \texttt{GNU}}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item{Created by \textbf{Richard M. Stallman} on 27 September
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1983.}
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\item{Aims at creating a fully Free operating system.}
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\item{Part of what we call the \textbf{GNU/Linux} operating
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system (but most people prefer to call it just \textbf{Linux}).}
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\pause
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\item{\texttt{glibc, gcc, gdb, binutils (ld, gas...), bash,
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coreutils (ls, cd, pwd, cat, sort, dd, df...), findutils,
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diffutils, clisp, libreboot, patch, tar, gzip, inetutils (ftp,
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telnet, rsh, tftp...), linux-libre, grep, sed, gettext,
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MediaGoblin, GNU Social, GNU R, GLPK, GnuPG, GNOME*, GIMP,
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grub, readline, Replicant, octave, screen, time, texinfo,
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sysutils (chgroup, chpasswd, passwd, nologin...), emacs}, and
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\textbf{many} more.}
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}{The \texttt{G} from \texttt{GNU}$^2$}
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\centering
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But of course, we are not in a contest. I choose to call the system
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\textbf{GNU/Linux} not only because I think it is the right thing to
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do, but mainly to \textbf{raise awareness}.
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\end{frame}
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\section{Linux(x|s)}
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\begin{frame}{Linu(x|s)}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item{Created in 1991 by \textbf{Linus Torvalds}.}
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\item{Has evolved to become perhaps the most successful example of
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Free and Open Source software collaboration.}
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\item{Unfortunately, is not entirely Free Software (binary blobs
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are/were shipped with the kernel; reason for the
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\textbf{Linux-libre} fork by the \texttt{GNU} project).}
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\item{Personal opinion: main community tends to be toxic,
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reflecting the behaviour of Linus himself.}
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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\section{All that goes upstream...}
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\begin{frame}{All that goes upstream...}
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\centering
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\textbf{Upstream} is the name we give to the actual Free Software
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projects that develop the programs. For example, Linux,
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LibreOffice, GIMP, GDB, GTK.
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\newline
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\begin{itemize}
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\item{We also call them \textbf{upstream communities}.}
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\pause
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\item{In general, upstream projects have:}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item{\textbf{Mailing list}: Where users can post questions,
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and developers can discuss technical matters.}
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\item{\textbf{Bug tracking system}: \textbf{Bugzilla} is the
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most common, but there are others.}
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\item{\textbf{Source-code repository}: \textbf{git} is the
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most used nowadays.}
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\item{\textbf{IRC channel}: Where we communicate (mostly) in
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real time (some teams are migrating to \textbf{Mattermost}
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or \textbf{Slack} (non-free, argh)).}
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\end{itemize}
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}{All that goes upstream...$^2$}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item{Upstream projects have a \textbf{release schedule}.}
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\pause
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\item{As Red Hat employees, we are members of these communities.}
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\pause
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\item{The \textbf{same rules} apply to us.}
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\pause
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\item{Red Hat sponsors ($\neq$ owns) some upstream communities.}
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}{All that goes upstream...$^3$}
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{graphs/upstream.png}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}{All that goes upstream...$^4$}
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\centering
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The so-called \textbf{forges} are very popular nowadays.
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\textbf{GitHub} and \textbf{GitLab} are widely used; they provide an
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integrated bug tracking system, but don't provide a mailing list
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equivalent.
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\newline
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\newline
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\textbf{Pagure} deserves a special mention, as it is Fedora's
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official forge.
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\newline
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}{All that goes upstream...$^5$}
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{graphs/pull-request.png}
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\end{frame}
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\section{... Must come downstream}
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\begin{frame}{... Must come downstream}
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\centering
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\textbf{Downstream} is the name we give to the projects that
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\emph{package} the upstream projects. For example, Fedora, RHEL,
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Debian, Ubuntu. We also call them \textbf{distributions} (or
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\textbf{distros}).
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\begin{itemize}
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\item{At Red Hat, we are interested in \textbf{Fedora} and
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\textbf{RHEL} (\textbf{R}ed \textbf{H}at \textbf{E}nterprise
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\textbf{L}inux).}
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\pause
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\item{A Fedora \textbf{package} is called a \textbf{RPM}
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(\textbf{R}ed Hat \textbf{P}ackage \textbf{M}anager).}
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\pause
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\item{A RPM is generated from a \textbf{SRPM} (\textbf{S}ource
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RPM).}
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\pause
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\item{A SRPM is composed by a (usually) \textbf{stable} upstream
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release, \textbf{local patches} specific for the distro and a
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\textbf{spec file} with instructions for build/test the
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project.}
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}{... Must come downstream$^2$}
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth]{graphs/package.png}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}{... Must come downstream$^3$}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item{The upstream project \textbf{must} be Free Software.}
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\pause
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\item{Fedora also has its own release schedule (6 months).}
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\pause
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\item{RHEL is created from stable Fedora packages.}
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\pause
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\item{In a way, you can say that Fedora is RHEL's upstream.}
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\pause
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\item{RHEL is our \emph{bread and butter}. Bugs against it take
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the highest priority.}
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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\section{Tips and Tricks}
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\begin{frame}{Tips and Tricks}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item{E-mail:}
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\pause
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\begin{itemize}
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\item{Do not top-post.}
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\item{No HTML! \texttt{text/plain}}
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\item{Be polite.}
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\item{Be precise; good subject line.}
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\item{Reply-All instead of reply to list/author.}
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\end{itemize}
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\pause
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\item{IRC:}
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\pause
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\begin{itemize}
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\item{Use pastebin.}
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\item{Sometimes it is async.}
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\end{itemize}
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\pause
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\item{Patches:}
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\pause
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\begin{itemize}
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\item{Split into logical parts.}
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\item{Do not change formatting.}
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\item{Learn how the community prefers to receive them (mailing
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list, bugzilla, pull-request).}
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\item{Criticism about your patch $\neq$ criticism about you (or
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your family!).}
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\end{itemize}
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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\section{Questions?}
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\begin{frame}{Questions?}
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\begin{center}
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Questions?
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\end{center}
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\begin{center}
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\url{sergiodj@redhat.com}
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\end{center}
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\begin{center}
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\texttt{sergiodj} on IRC
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\end{center}
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\end{frame}
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\end{document}
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